Rolls-Royce Corniche
| Rolls-Royce Corniche | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Rolls-Royce Ltd (defunct 1973) Rolls-Royce Motors |
| Production | 1966–1995 |
| Designer | Bill Allen |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupé 2-door convertible |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 6.75 L L410 OHV V8 |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Silver Cloud coupé |
| Successor | Corniche V Bentley Azure |
The Rolls-Royce Corniche is a two-door, front-engine, rear wheel drive luxury automobile produced by Rolls-Royce Motors as a coupé and convertible from 1971 to 1995.
The Corniche was a development of the two door version of the Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow, which had been marketed as the "Silver Shadow Mulliner Park Ward two door fixed head coupé since 1965 and drop head coupé since 1966. Production remained in London at Mulliner Park Ward; the new name was applied in March 1971.
A Bentley version was also sold beginning in 1985, the Continental.
The Corniche draws its name from the experimental 1939 Corniche. It is from the French corniche, a coastal road, especially along the face of a cliff, most notably the Grande Corniche along the French Riviera above the principality of Monaco.
1939 experimental Corniche[edit]
The first car with the Corniche nameplate was a 1939 prototype based on the Bentley Mark V featuring coachwork by the Paris firm, Carrosserie Vanvooren.[1] It undertook 15,000 miles (24,000 km) of endurance testing in Continental Europe before being blown up by a bomb at a dock at Dieppe while awaiting shipment back to England.[1]. No production model was ever manufactured because of the onset of World War II, but the company registered the name for the future.
Corniche[edit]
| Corniche | |
|---|---|
 1977 Rolls-Royce Corniche Coupé | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1971-1987 [2] |
| Assembly | London, England |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door coupé 2-door convertible |
| Related | Silver Shadow Bentley T-series Camargue |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 6.75 L L410 OHV V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 1971-73: 119¾ in (3042 mm) 1974-79: 120 in (3048 mm) 1979-1987 120.5 in (3,061 mm) |
| Length | 203.5 in (5,169 mm)[3] |
| Width | 72 in (1,829 mm)[3] |
| Height | 58.75 in (1,492 mm)[3] |
| Kerb weight | 4,816 lb (2,185 kg)[3] |
The Corniche, available as coupé or convertible,[4] used the standard Rolls-Royce V8 engine with an aluminium-silicon alloy block and aluminium cylinder heads with cast iron wet cylinder liners. The bore was 4.1 in (104.1 mm) and the stroke was 3.9 in (99.1 mm) for a total of 6.75 L (6,750 cc/411 cuin). Twin SU carburettors were initially fitted, but were replaced with a single Solex 4A1 four-barrel carburetor introduced in 1977.[5] De-smogged export models retained the twin SUs until 1980, when Bosch fuel injection was added.
A three-speed automatic transmission (a Turbo Hydramatic 400 sourced from General Motors) was standard. A four-wheel independent suspension with coil springs was augmented with a hydraulic self-levelling system (using the same system as did Citroën, but without pneumatic springs, and with the hydraulic components built under licence by Rolls-Royce), at first on all four, but later on the rear wheels only. Four wheel disc brakes were specified, with ventilated discs added for 1972.
The car originally used a 119.75 in (3,042 mm) wheelbase. This was extended to 120 in (3,048 mm) in 1974 and 120.5 in (3,061 mm) in 1979.
The Corniche received a mild restyling in the spring of 1977. Difference included rack-and-pinion steering,[6] alloy and rubber bumpers, aluminium radiator, oil cooler and a bi-level air conditioning system was added. Later changes included a modified rear independent suspension in March 1979. In March 1981, after the Silver Spirit had gone on sale, the Coupé version of the Corniche and its Bentley sister were discontinued.[4] For 1985 there were also cosmetic and interior changes.
Corniche models received Bosch KE/K-Jetronic fuel injection in 1977.[6] This engine, called the L410I, produced approximately 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at just above 4,000 rpm for a top speed of 190 km/h (118 mph).[7]
The Bentley version was updated in July 1984 with a new name, the Continental,[8] revised and color-coded bumpers, rear view mirrors, a new dash and improvements to the seats.[4]
Production totaled 1090 Rolls-Royce Corniche Saloons, 3239 Rolls-Royce Corniche Convertibles, 69 Bentley Corniche Saloons and 77 Bentley Corniche Convertibles.[2]
The Corniche was popular with high income celebrities (see below), with the notable exception of Jeremy Clarkson who mocked James May's Corniche as "just a Ford Zephyr with a chrome nose."[9]
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1971-1973 Rolls-Royce Corniche (North America)
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1974-77 Rolls-Royce Corniche (North America)
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1974 Bentley Corniche
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Corniche II[edit]
| Corniche II | |
|---|---|
 1989 Rolls-Royce Corniche II | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1986-1989 [2] |
| Assembly | London, England |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-door convertible |
| Related | Bentley Continental |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 6.75 L L410/L410I OHV V8 |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 120.5 in (3,061 mm) |
The Corniche II name was applied for the United States market from 1986 and for other markets from 1988.[2] Anti-lock brakes were added for 1988, but air bags would not be available until the Corniche III. Also new for 1988 were some detail changes to the interior. Later in 1988 there was also a new reverse warning lens type and pattern around the rear license plate, as well as newly designed seats and redesigned instrumentation.[10]
1,234 examples of the Corniche II were produced.[2]
Corniche III[edit]
| Corniche III | |
|---|---|
_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht_ge%C3%B6ffnet,_3._September_2012,_D%C3%BCsseldorf.jpg) Rolls-Royce Corniche III | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1989-1993 |
| Assembly | London, England |
| Body and chassis | |
| Related | Bentley Continental |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 6.75 L L410I OHV V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 120.5 in (3,061 mm) |
| Length | 207.0 in (5,258 mm) |
| Width | 72.3 in (1,836 mm) |
| Height | 59.8 in (1,519 mm) |
The Corniche III was introduced at the 1989 Frankfurt Motor Show with new alloy wheels, color-coded bumpers, a more advanced suspension system, air bags and MK-Motronic fuel injections. Minor interior changes included a revised dashboard, console and seats.[10]
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Corniche IV[edit]
| Corniche IV | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1992-1995 |
| Assembly | Crewe, England |
| Body and chassis | |
| Related | Bentley Continental |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 6.75 L L410I OHV V8 6.75 L L410IT turbo OHV V8 |
| Transmission | 4-speed automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 120.5 in (3,061 mm) |
| Length | 204.6 in (5,197 mm) |
| Width | 72.3 in (1,836 mm) |
| Height | 59.8 in (1,519 mm) |
The car was reworked for 1992 as the Corniche IV, presented at the January North American International Auto Show in Detroit.[11] By this time production had moved to Crewe, in preparation for the 1994 closure of Mulliner Park Ward. Mechanically, the IV featured the four-speed GM4L80 automatic transmission rather than the previous three-speed GM400 unit. Adaptive suspension was also introduced. Visually there is nearly no difference between the Corniche III and IV except for a glass rear window replacing the previous plastic unit. The top mechanism was improved, no longer requiring manual latching. CFC-free air conditioning was specified, as were driver and passenger airbags. In October 1992 a 21st anniversary Corniche was presented. 25 cars were built, all finished in Ming Blue with a cream hood with a silver plaque on the dash.[12]
In August 1993 engine power was increased by 20 percent[citation needed]
Corniche S[edit]
The last 25 Corniche models to be built, completed in the summer of 1995, were unique turbocharged versions and were called the Corniche S.
Corniche (2000)[edit]
The fifth series to bear the Corniche name made its debut in January 2000. At the time of its release, it was the most expensive vehicle offered by Rolls-Royce, with a base price of US$359,900. Its production was ended in 2001, as Bentley became a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG and continued manufacture in Crewe while Rolls-Royce became solely owned by BMW, manufacturing in a new factory built by BMW.
Production[edit]
- Rolls-Royce Corniche: 4,332
- Saloon (1971–1981): 1,108
- Convertible (1971–1988): 3,224
- Bentley Corniche: 140
- Saloon (1971–1981): 63
- Convertible (1971–1984): 77
- Rolls-Royce Corniche II (1988-1989): 1,234
- Rolls-Royce Corniche III (1989-1992): 452
- Rolls-Royce Corniche IV (1992-1995): 244
- Corniche IV (1992–1995): 219
- Corniche S (1995): 25
- Rolls-Royce Corniche (2000-2002): 374
- Bentley Continental (1984–1994): 421
- Bentley Continental Turbo (1992–1995): 8
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "New Rolls-Royce Corniche". Autocar. 4 March 1971. pp. 7–8.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e All 33 models, www.rrsilvershadow.com Retrieved on 10 August 2013
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Autotest: Rolls-Royce Corniche 6,750 c.c.". Autocar. Vol. 141 (nbr4042). 6 April 1974. pp. 36–41.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Wood, Jonathan (2001), Rolls-Royce & Bentley: Spirit of Excellence, Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes, p. 102, ISBN 1-85960-692-X
- ^ Wood, p. 106
- ^ Jump up to: a b Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (March 1991). Automobil Revue 1991 (in German and French). 86. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 521. ISBN 3-444-00514-8.
- ^ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (5 March 1987). Automobil Revue 1987 (in German and French). 82. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. pp. 181–182. ISBN 3-444-00458-3.
- ^ Automobil Revue 1991. p. 174
- ^ Clarkson, Jeremy (host) (20 July 2008). "Nissan GT-R". Top Gear. Season 11. Episode 04. Event occurs at 20:18. BBC Television.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Wood, p. 103
- ^ Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992 (in Italian). Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. 1992. p. 882.
- ^ Wood, p. 107
Bibliography[edit]
- Holmes, Mark (2007). Ultimate Convertibles: Roofless Beauty. London: Kandour. pp. 134–139. ISBN 978-1-905741-62-5.
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